![]() ![]() ![]() We'll be using a $5 pair of Arduino devices, so the budget here is very small (minus the macOS computer to test the payload on). In this simple example, we'll be sending the output of a command to show we can get the data off the device, but we'll get more creative with payloads in the next guide. Once connected, there is a lot we can do in the background using the ESP8266 to steal data or control the computer remotely. These two devices will work together to make a data-stealing attack, with the ESP2866 creating a network for the Digispark script to force the victim to connect to. Don't Miss: Detect When a Device Is Nearby with an ESP8266.We'll connect the Arduino to our computer by serial to receive data from the target computer over Wi-Fi and print it on the screen. It will create the evil AP that our target computer will connect to. The second part of our attack will be with an ESP8266 Wi-Fi development board like the D1 Mini, which is also programmable in Arduino. The attacker can write a payload for any operating system and inject it into an open and unlocked computer in a matter of seconds. The first device is a Digispark, a small USB development board programmable in Arduino that's capable of injecting Ducky Script-like commands by posing as a keyboard. We'll be using two ultra-low-cost devices to demonstrate what's possible to do on a budget. Don't Miss: Safely Launch Fireworks Over Wi-Fi with an ESP8266.In a later guide, we'll build on this to steal the Wi-Fi connection history of the target and persistently track the target's whereabouts every 60 seconds. Instead, we can kick the user off their connected hotspot and know that they'll connect to ours and not the real one. So we can do things like steal data off the device without needing to create a server on the web. However, it opens up a few avenues attackers can exploit.īy adding a rouge network to the PNL, we can force a device to connect to an evil AP whenever we want. For convenience, most operating systems default to connecting to these networks automatically to provide a seamless experience. The list keeps your computer connected to Wi-Fi as you move between networks. What Is a Preferred Network List?Īny time you connect to a Wi-Fi network, your device adds the network to a list of trusted Wi-Fi networks called the preferred network list (PNL). By exploiting the trust a Mac gives its "preferred" Wi-Fi networks, we can quickly create a backdoor connection with a Digispark USB payload and send data from the target Mac to our ESP8266 webserver. We can program these devices in Arduino to hijack the Wi-Fi data connection of any unlocked macOS computer in seconds, and we can even have it send data from the target device to our low-cost evil access point.Īrduino-compatible devices continue to lower the barrier to entry for creating cheap prototypes, and prototyping novel attacks with Wi-Fi and USB Rubber Ducky-style attacks are no different. Arduino is a language that's easy to learn and supported on many incredibly low-cost devices, two of which are the $2 Digispark and a $3 ESP8266-based board. ![]()
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